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Showing posts from 2009

Hitmen to present defenses in murder case

Four alleged hitmen are scheduled to read their defenses over roles in high-profile murder case at the Tangerang District Court on Monday. The five defendants --- Daniel Daen Sabon, Hendrikus Kia Walens, Heri Santosa, Fransiskus Tadon Keran and Eduardus Noe Ndopo Mbete --- are facing up to life sentence for their alleged roles in killing former director of the state-owned director of PT Putra Rajawali Banjaran Nasrudin Zulkarnaen in March. Lawyer for the defendants Minola said that he had yet to find out real motives behind the murder case. “We need more than a week to prepare for the defenses since we have to thoroughly analyze demands from state prosecutors which are not suitable with facts in the court sessions,” Minola told tempointeraktif.com . Three judges have agreed to decide over the case before the Chirstmas and New Year holiday season or not exceeding the imprisonment limits of the defendants. (ewd)

Jakarta hosts 15 rallies today: Police

Jakarta Police have warned of possible traffic congestion on Wednesday as groups of people will hold at least 15 rallies in the city, which include those held as part of nationwide rallies to commemorate the International Anti-Corruption day. The police have played down remarks made earlier by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono that the rallies against graft would be hijacked by rogue elements to oust him. Police will redirect routes as rallies will be concentrated around the Hotel Indonesia traffic circle and the National Monument areas in Central Jakarta. Jakarta Police's Traffic Management Center listed today's rally locations as follows: 1. House of Representatives building on Jl. Gatot Subroto, South Jakarta. 2. Hotel Indonesia traffic circle on Jl. MH Thamrin, Central Jakarta. 3. State Palace on Jl. Medan Merdeka Utara, Central Jakarta. 4. The National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Overseas Labor (BNP2TKI) office, Jl. Gatot Subroto. 5. The Corruption Eradicat

PDI-P: Yudhoyono shouldn't stir panic

The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) faction chairman at the House of Representatives, Tjahyo Kumolo, said that President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono should not have publicly revealed any intelligence data he acquired about the Dec. 9 movement, stirring panic among the public. "The president receives data from the State Intelligence Agency (BIN) on a daily basis. The data must be held confidentially and cannot be publicly revealed. “BIN people understand that it is important to keep secret data secret to avoid public panic. However, for some reason, the president decided to be the public relation of the intelligence," he told reporters in Jakarta on Tuesday. "The president's statement about intelligence data on the Dec. 9 movement, will only make the movement grow bigger and bigger," he added. Yudhoyono recently said that he had received sufficient data about a possible political movement to topple him using rallies, planned to be held on Dec. 9 to c

Bibit to return to KPK on Wednesday

Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) deputy chairman Bibit Samad Rianto has said he would return to the KPK office on Wednesday after President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono lifted his suspension on Sunday. Bibit and Chandra M. Hamzah suspension were revoked after the Attorney General Office (AGO) dropped a case against them. The two were accused of misusing their power. "I will be back at KPK office on Dec. 9," Bibit said as quoted by Kompas.com on Sunday. Yudhoyono has met with Bibit and Chandra and asked them to help him eradicate corruption in the country.

SBY warns of 'politically-motivated' acts on antigraft day

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said he has been informed that certain figures were planning to exploit the upcoming International Anti-Corruption Day on Dec. 9 to achieve their "political objectives". Opening a Cabinet meeting at the Presidential Office on Friday, the President said the motives of these people were not necessarily related to the corruption eradication campaign. "On Dec. 9 some social movements are planning to commemorate International Anti-Corruption Day, which is commendable… It shows people appreciate our efforts in our anticorruption drive. "There are those, however, whose real motives are political," he warned. Yudhoyono said the figures would be those whose commitment to combating graft was yet to be proven. "They are welcome, if they really want to eradicate graft in the country together," he said. The President also said similar political motives were behind certain parties who had pushed for an inquiry into the Bank Centu

More Indonesian pilgrims die

Twenty-five more Indonesian hajj pilgrims have died since Sunday, bringing to 161 the number of the country's hajj pilgrims who died during the annual haj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, which concluded on Friday. The deaths were related to heart disease and respiratory failure, the Religious Affairs Ministry's integrated haj communications system unit told Antara news agency in Jedda on Thursday. The pilgrims were the latest to die from various illnesses, including lever, hypertension, cardiac arrest and respiratory failure. Most of the dead pilgrims were aged 55 years old or more. The government had required that all Saudi Arabia-bound pilgrims pass health screening, citing the extreme weather in the Middle East country. About 200,000 Indonesian joined millions of Muslims across the world in the pilgrimage. They have started to stream into the country after one month of religious duties.
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Kiamat 2012 adalah terjadinya Badai Matahari: Menurut Bambang S Tedjasukmana dari Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN), bahwa fenomena yang akan muncul pada sekitar tahun 2011-2012 adalah badai Matahari. Prediksi ini berdasar pada pemantauan pusat pemantau cuaca antariksa di berbagai negara maju yang sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 1960-an dan Indonesia oleh LAPAN telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1975. Badai Matahari = Flare dan CME Masih menurut ahli lain dari LAPAN, bahwa badai Matahari akan terjadi ketika adanya flare dan Corona Mass Ejection (CME). Apa itu Flare? Flare adalah ledakan besar di atmosfer Matahari yang dahsyatnya menyamai 66 juta kali ledakan bom atom Hiroshima. Padahal bom atom yang dijatuhkan Paul Tibbets, pilot pesawat Amerika Serikat (AS), B-29 Enola Gay, Agustus 1945, telah merenggut sekitar 80.000 jiwa manusia. Berarti kalau dikalikan 66 juta? WOW! Sedangkan CME adalah sejenis ledakan sangat besar yang menyebabkan lontaran partikel-partikel berkecepatan tin

Nasrudin's executors to face indictment today

The Tangerang district court has ordered state prosecutors to formally charge the five alleged executors in the drive-by murder of businessman Nasrudin Zulkarnain in a court session on Monday. The five defendants are Daniel Daen Sabon (Danil), Heri Santosa (Bagol), Hendrikus Kia Walen (Hendrik), Fransiskus Tadon Kerans (Amsi) and Eduardus Noe Ndopo Bete (Edo). "There is no reasons not to read the indictment," presiding judge Arthur Hangewa told Tempointeraktif.com on Monday. Arthur led the trials of Amsi and Edo. Prosecutors have delayed delivering the indictment several times without clear reasons. Meanwhile, lead prosecutor Rahardjo Budi Kiswanto said that he would read the indictment against Danil on Monday. He had prepared 79 pages of indictment. Nasrudin was shot on March 15, by a group of gunmen after he was playing golf in Tangerang, Banten. The murder case involves former Corruption Eradication Commission chairman Antasari Azhar, who is standing trial separately

Anti-corruption activists to take to streets

At least five group of anti-corruption activists will take to the streets across Jakarta on Tuesday, the city police have warned. A public forum to support anti-corruption movement would be held at the central office of Muhammadiyah, Indonesia's second largest Muslim organization, in Jl. Menteng Raya, Central Jakarta, starting 9 a.m., the Jakarta Police Traffic Management Center said. One group will hold a rally related to the controversial bailout of Bank Century at the Coordinating Ministry for Economy and the Finance Ministry offices in Jl. Lapangan Banteng, also in Central Jakarta, through out the day. Rallies will be also held at the National Police Headquarted in Jl. Trunojoyo and the Attorney General's Office (AGO) in Jl. Sultan Hasanuddin, both in South Jakarta. Other groups will also stage rally at the Jakarta City Police headquarters, the Central, East and West Jakarta Precinct police offices. The public has been left confused and disappointed after President Susilo B

Bibit, Chandra 'difficult' to resign from KPK: Lawyer

Bambang Widjojanto, lawyer to Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra M. Hamzah, said that it would be "difficult" for them to resign from the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in exchange for his freedom from legal charges. Bambang said that Bibit and Chandra would like to see the recommendations from the fact finding team to be implemented with no strings attached. The fact finding team, established by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, recommended to the President that the National Police or the Attorney General's Office drop the charges against Bibit and Chandra, which the team believed to have been fabricated. Reports have it that the AGO would drop the charges against Bibit and Chandra provided that they resign as KPK deputy chairmen. It is also reported that Justice and Human Rights Minister Patrialis Akbar met with active leaders of KPK about this issue. Commenting on the reports, Bambang told Tempointeraktif.com : "Maybe, if (Patrialis) went to KPK leader

President appoints 10 special staff, including 6 new faces

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has signed a presidential decree on the appointment of 10 special staff, six of whom are new faces. Presidential spokesman Dino Patti Djalal told tempointeraktif.com on Thursday evening that all the special staff had signed a pact of integrity and performance contract. He also said that the new staff had received directions over their future duties directly from the President at the Presidential Palace. "The President has signed the decree. Let the State Secretary or the President himself announce the names," Dino said, refusing to mention the 10 names. However, Palace sources say that Julian Adrian Pasha, deputy dean of the University of Indonesia's School of Social and Political Sciences, is appointed as the new spokesman for domestic affairs, after Andi Mallarangeng left to become Youth Affairs and Sports Minister. Andi Arief, former activist of Democratic People's Party, is the President's special staff member for social aid

Chiefs called to powwow in Cikeas by President

nstead of meeting his fact-finding team on the corruption scandal, the President on Monday summoned the chiefs of intelligence and National Police, and the Attorney General, to his private residence. However all were tight-lipped on what transpired in the meeting lasting over two hours with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Cikeas, near Jakarta. Yudhoyono had met with National Police chief Gen. Bambang Hendarso Danuri, Attorney General Hendarman Supandji, and State Inteligence Agency (BIN) head Sutanto. The President’s meeting with his fact-finding team was delayed again until Tuesday. The team headed by top lawyer Adnan Buyung Nasution was given two weeks until Sunday to probe an alleged plot against deputies of the country’s antigraft body, the powerful Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). High-ranking police officers and prosecutors have been implicated in the scandal, following the live broadcast of a wiretapped conversation at the Constitutional Court. Conversations in

High-ranking police officers to testify in Antasari's trial

Two high-ranking police officers will testify Tuesday at the South Jakarta District Court to confront the testimony from Sr. Comr. Wiliardi Wizar, who claimed that they had forced him to make a false dossier against defendant in a murder case and former anti-graft leader Antasari Azhar. Last week, Wiliardi, a former South Jakarta Police chief, stunned all and sundry with his statement in the court hearing that he had been coerced by police investigators to fall in line with a plot to frame Antasari. Among the officers he named were former National Police deputy chief detective Insp. Gen. Hadiatmoko and former Jakarta police chief detective chief Brig. Gen. M. Iriawan. Lead prosecutor Cirus Sinaga has confirmed that the two officers would come to the hearing Tuesday, together with several investigators who questioned Wiliardi during the making of the dossier. Antasari is currently on trial for allegedly plotting the murder of Nasrudin Zulkarnaen, a director in state pharmaceutical compa

High-ranking police officers to testify in Antasari's trial

Two high-ranking police officers will testify Tuesday at the South Jakarta District Court to confront the testimony from Sr. Comr. Wiliardi Wizar, who claimed that they had forced him to make a false dossier against defendant in a murder case and former anti-graft leader Antasari Azhar. Last week, Wiliardi, a former South Jakarta Police chief, stunned all and sundry with his statement in the court hearing that he had been coerced by police investigators to fall in line with a plot to frame Antasari. Among the officers he named were former National Police deputy chief detective Insp. Gen. Hadiatmoko and former Jakarta police chief detective chief Brig. Gen. M. Iriawan. Lead prosecutor Cirus Sinaga has confirmed that the two officers would come to the hearing Tuesday, together with several investigators who questioned Wiliardi during the making of the dossier. Antasari is currently on trial for allegedly plotting the murder of Nasrudin Zulkarnaen, a director in state pharmaceutical compa

Demonstrations to target KPK, BPK, presidential palace

Demonstrators are expected to hit the street this morning, targeting the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) and the presidential palace. According to the Jakarta Police's Traffic Management Center, two different groups of demonstrators are scheduled to rally in front of the KPK building on Jl. HR Rasuna Said, but it is not clear which groups they are. The next group would gather at Jakarta's Hotel Indonesia traffic circle and then march to the presidential palace complex in Central Jakarta. Another group of demonstrators are scheduled to rally at the BPK building on Jl. Gatot Subroto. The main issue the demonstrators would likely raise is the current fighting between the national police and KPK as well as BPK's ongoing investigation into the Bank Century scandal. The police call on the public to avoid the locations of demonstrations for possible traffic jams.

Documentary suggests causes are clear as mud

In an event featuring a Javanese gamelan ensemble, the Arizona State University (ASU) launched a documentary film on Friday taking a comprehensive look at the mudflow disaster that has wreaked havoc in the East Java town of Sidoarjo. MudMax, produced by London-based Immodicus SA, premiered before a limited audience, including journalists from Indonesia, and was followed by a discussion with experts who are still perplexed about how to stop the mudflow which began in May 2006 The Sidoarjo mud, or popularly referred to as Lusi (after its Indonesian abbreviation) covers an ever expanding area and has displaced more than 40,000 people, caused extensive damage to economic infrastructure and is one enormous and expanding environmental disaster. ASU's School of Earth and Space Exploration director Kip Hodges said the university was very keen on helping society deal with immense challenges, and feels that Lusi posed a very profound and unique problem for Indonesia. The gamelan number was p

Obama hails expanded US engagement in Asia

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TOKYO – President Barack Obama declared Saturday that an era of American disengagement in the globe's fastest-growing region is over and warned that the U.S. and its Asian partners "will not be cowed" by North Korea 's continued defiance over its nuclear weapons and other provocations. Obama also said a robust China should be welcomed, not feared, as a powerful partner on urgent challenges. Addressing Americans' worries about the economic and security threat from China's rising might and Asians' skepticism about U.S leadership, the president said: "We welcome China's efforts to play a greater role on the world stage, a role in which their growing economy is joined by growing responsibility." In a 40-minute speech, Obama offered incentives for North Korea to abandon the nuclear weapons it is believed to already have and the production program it continues in defiance of U.N. Security Counci

President’s inaction only hurts him: Survey

A recent survey says President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s image has taken a battering following his seeming reluctance to step in to the antigraft breach and the Bank Century debacle, which could risk the success of his 100-day program. The survey was based on reports from five national Indonesian-language dailies — Kompas, Tempo, Media Indonesia, Republika and Seputar Indonesia – from Nov. 3 to 9. “The public’s negative perception of the President is rated at 64 percent, higher than last week’s rating of 53.85 percent,” Indonesian Survey Circle—Network (LSI-Network) public issues executive director Denny J.A. said Thursday. The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) saga revolves around a possible conspiracy between the National Police and the Attorney General’s Office to undermine the antigraft body by framing two of its deputy chairmen, Chandra M. Hamzah and Bibit Samad Rianto, in a bribery case. A tape indicating the conspiracy was played at a nationally televised hearing at the C

Negative perception of SBY intensifies

The public’s negative perception of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has increased despite the priority programs he has promised to implement within his first 100 days in office, a research institute says. Media research conducted by the Indonesian Survey Circle (LSI) between Nov. 3 and Nov. 9 said the public’s negative perception of Yudhoyono rose to 64 percent from 54 percent the previous week. LSI executive director Denny JA said Thursday the growing negative perception had resulted from the President’s failure to take quick action. For example, he remained silent over a tape recording that mentioned his name, which gave the impression he supported a plot to frame Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) deputies Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra M. Hamzah. Yudhoyono did not file a defamation lawsuit over the case, unlike his tough legal measure against former deputy House of Representatives speaker Zaenal Marif who publicly accused him of marrying another woman when he was a milit

Menjadi Matahari

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Setiap diri kita pasti pernah melihat matahari dan merasakan hangat serta panasnya sinar matahari. Bahkan kita sering pula menunggu hari menjelang sore untuk melihat matahari terbenam kala senja. Seharian kita mampu menghabiskan waktu untuk bisa melihat senja yang begitu cantik menghantarkan kita pada peradaban malam yang gulita menuju mimpi-mimpi yang telah kita bangun secara tersruktur kala siang. Begitu pun ketika kita bangun di pagi hari, kita selalu mempunyai harapan baru dan semangat baru sehangat kilau matahari pagi yang menyapa lembut dari rerimbun daun-daun akasia (mungkin) dan burung-burung yang berkicau merdu serta kupu-kupu yang memesona berterbangan kian kemari. Cerah bukan?. Dari dulu hingga sekarang matahari tak pernah lelah memberikan manfaatnya bagi kita bahkan semua mahluk yang ada di bumi. Matahari begitu dinantikan kedatangannya selalu. Matahari adalah bintang terdekat dengan Bumi dengan jarak rata-rata 149.680.000 kilometer (93.026.724 mil). Matahari serta kedelapa

Attorney general attempts to reform a tarnished AGO

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Attorney General Hendarman Supandji is desperately trying to reform his institution, severely tarnished by recent corruption scandals, and has gone as far as pleading with the House of Representatives to assist him. “It is not an easy task to reform the Attorney General’s Office. I am aware of the existence of case brokers, extortion scandals and so forth. I am honestly very concerned,” he told legislators during a hearing with the House Commission III on legal affairs in Senayan, Central Jakarta, on Tuesday. “However, I need help. I am not reforming 10 people, but 20,000." Hendarman also said that he never wanted to become the attorney general. “I wanted to be a notary. It never even crossed by mind to become attorney general. However, God has made me one so I have to do it." Hendarman also complained about his job, saying it caused him stress as he did not have enough time for his family. “I work 15 hours a day. I don’t have time to go to the mall, or hang out. Why would I

Lawmakers try to behave

Lawmakers at the House of Representatives' Commission III on legal affairs were urged not to clap their hands during a hearing with the attorney general for fear it would spark public anger. "Please, don't clap your hands in this forum. If you do, the House will be publicly condemned," commission chairman Benny K. Harman said Monday prior to the start of the hearing. Benny's warning came after someone clapped following three questions put on the table by legislator Syarifuddin Suding to Attorney General Hendarman Supandji. In what seemed to be damage control mode compared to the hearing with the National Police last week, lawmakers questioned the AGO on issues ranging from alleged widespread corruption in the judiciary to the suspected involvement of senior prosecutors in the possible criminalization of Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) deputy chairmen Bibit Samad Rianto and Chandra M. Hamzah. The commission received wide criticism from the public in the pr

Memecah Bulan

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Suatu malam saya pernah bermimpi menemukan begitu banyak emas batangan yang berserakan di halaman rumah saya. Kukumpulkan emas-emas itu seraya berbahagia menemukannya, tapi dalam hati saya bertanya emas siapakah ini gerangan. Kuhiraukan suara hati itu dengan tetap memungut emas yang berserakan. Aku pikir inilah mungkin jalan saya untuk bisa kaya dan terbebas dari belegu finansial yang membuat hidup tak lepas. Lelah rasanya menjadi orang yang serba kekurangan, mau ini mau itu tidak bisa dilakukan karena tidak ada uang atau alat tukar yang bisa saya gunakan untuk mendapatkan apa yang saya inginkan. Memang uang bukan segalanya, tapi segalanya tidak ada yang tidak pakai uang. Bayangkan saat ini saja apabila kita datang ke pusat perbelanjaan atau yang sering kita sebut Mall dan kebelet ingin datang ke toilet untuk sekedar buang air kecil saja dikenakan biaya seribu rupiah. Nah pasti tidak ada orang yang engga mau kaya, termasuk saya. Tapi apa lacur hal yang saya alami itu hanya terdapat di

Pelangi Karya

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Suatu sore sehabis hujan, mungkin kita semua pernah melihat pelangi yang begitu indah penuh warna. Pelangi adalah gejala optik dan meteorologi yang menyebabkan spektrum dari cahaya yang (hampir) kontinyu untuk muncul di langit waktu matahari bersinar ke atas titik air hujan yang jatuh. Pembiasan cahaya yang ditimbulkan dari pelangi begitu indah banyak orang menyingkat untuk menyimpulkan warna pelangi mejikuhibiniu, yaitu Merah, Jingga, Kuning, Hijau, Biru, Nila, Ungu. Rangkaian dari ketujuh warna yang dihasilkan merupakan gabungan yang sangat sempurna ketika alam bercerita. Mengapa saya sebut hal tersebut sebagai satu cerita yang menarik untuk tidak sekedar kita lihat melainkan bagaimana kita mendengar pesan dari cerita yang telah disampaikan oleh fenomena alam tersebut. Ternyata kita dapat mengambil kesimpulan atau hikmah dari pelangi untuk bisa kita terapkan dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari sebagai insan yang mempunyai daya cipta, karya dan karsa. Begitu banyak cerita, lagu, puisi, d

KPK tape casts shadows over witness protection agency

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Experts say the image of the relatively new Victim and Witness Protection Agency (LPSK) has been seriously tainted by the recent public playing of a recording revealing a possible conspiracy between one of its leaders and a graft suspect. The agency was officially established in Aug. 8, 2008, however, the law regulating its authority was passed in 2006. The 2006 LPSK Law stipulates that the agency must provide full protection to witnesses or victims of criminal acts. Article 10 of the law stipulates that witnesses under LPSK protection cannot be charged either with the Criminal Code or the Civil Law. It also stipulates that the testimony of a witness who is also a suspect in a criminal case can be used by judges as a consideration in reducing the witness' punishment (if they are found guilty). The LPSK must also coordinate with other law-enforcement institutions when it wants to provide protection for witnesses who are also suspects, Gadjah Mada University (Yogyakarta) legal expert

Police lack evidence to implicate KPK leaders: Team

A government-sanctioned fact-finding team said Monday the National Police lacked evidence to push for an investigation into alleged abuse of power and extortion implicating suspended Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) deputy chiefs Chandra M. Hamzah and Bibit S. Rianto. Head of the team Adnan Buyung Nasution said that even if the police had secured evidence of alleged bribery, it would stop at businessman Anggodo Widjojo, who gave the bribe money to middleman Ari Muladi. “The police have no proof of the alleged transfer of the money to the KPK leaders,” Adnan told a media conference held to announce the team’s progress report. Anggodo is the brother of graft suspect Anggoro Widjojo, who is still at large. The police have accused Chandra and Bibit of receiving Rp 2.5 billion (US$ 250,000) between them to halt investigations into a graft case at the Forestry Ministry involving Anggoro. The team will submit its temporary recommendations to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the cont

Politic

Nancy Pelosi clapped her hands as she left the House floor late Saturday night . “That was easy,” the speaker said with a smile. It wasn’t. She had just delivered a promise decades of her predecessors failed to bring home, harnessing her uncommon focus, vote-counting acumen and consensus-building skills to bring tens of millions of Americans a giant leap closer to having health insurance coverage with a 220-215 roll call . “Somebody asked me if this was a victory for [President] Barack Obama . It’s not. This victory belongs to her,” said House Rules Committee Chairwoman Louise Slaughter (D-N.Y.). “As far as I know she never sleeps nor eats.” The bill’s fate, for now, rests across the Capitol in the hands of Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.). But with Saturday’s vote, Pelosi proved yet again she is the able master of a Democratic Caucus that is enjoying its greatest political and legislative success since

Sastra

Sastra (Sansekerta शास्त्र, shastra) merupakan kata serapan dari bahasa Sansekerta śāstra , yang berarti "teks yang mengandung instruksi" atau "pedoman", dari kata dasar śās- yang berarti "instruksi" atau "ajaran". Dalam bahasa Indonesia kata ini biasa digunakan untuk merujuk kepada "kesusastraan" atau sebuah jenis tulisan yang memiliki arti atau keindahan tertentu. Tetapi kata "sastra" bisa pula merujuk kepada semua jenis tulisan, apakah ini indah atau tidak. Selain itu dalam arti kesusastraan, sastra bisa dibagi menjadi sastra tertulis atau sastra lisan (sastra oral). Di sini sastra tidak banyak berhubungan dengan tulisan, tetapi dengan bahasa yang dijadikan wahana untuk mengekspresikan pengalaman atau pemikiran tertentu. Biasanya kesusastraan dibagi menurut daerah geografis atau bahasa. Jadi, yang termasuk kedalam kategori Sastra adalah : Novel Cerita / Cerpen (tertulis / lisan) Syair